Acritical reaction in the production of energy to do work or drive chemical reactions in biological systems is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, atp, to adenosine diphosphate, adp, as described by the reaction atp(aq)+h2o(l)⟶adp(aq)+hpo2−4(aq) for which δ∘rxn=−30.5 kj/mol at 37.0 °c and ph 7.0. calculate the value of δ in a biological cell in which [atp]=5.0 mm, [adp]=0.50 mm, and [hpo2−4]=5.0 mm.

-50.09 kJ/mol

Explanation:

Let ΔGrxn be

ΔGrxn = ΔGrxn° + RT ln{[ADP][HPO₄²⁻]/[ATP]}

Given:

ΔGrxn = -30.5 × 10³

R = 8.314

T = 37°c = 310k

[ATP] = (5.0 × 10⁻³) M,

[ADP] = (0.50 × 10⁻³) M,

[HPO₄²⁻] = (5.0 × 10⁻³) M :

We have:

ΔGrxn

= (-30.5 × 10³) + (8.314) × (310) × ln{(0.50 × 10⁻³) × (5.0 × 10⁻³) / (5.0 × 10⁻³)} J/mol

= −50,090 J/mol

= -50.09 kJ/mol

hurricanes form when warm, moist air from the ocean surface quickly rises into the atmosphere and forms storm clouds and rain. when the clouds are formed, heat is released which warms the cool air in the upper regions of the atmosphere so that the cycle can continue. which two phases of the water cycle are repeated in this process?