At standard pressure, ammonia melts at 195 k and boils at 240 k. if a sample of ammonia at standard pressure is cooled from 200 k down to absolute zero, what physical constants are needed to calculate the change in enthalpy? i) the heat capacity of ammonia(s) ii) the heat capacity of ammonia(ℓ) iii) the heat capacity of ammonia(g) iv) the enthalpy of fusion of ammonia v) the enthalpy of vaporization of ammoni

I) the heat capacity of ammonia(s)

II) the heat capacity of ammonia(ℓ)

IV) the enthalpy of fusion of ammonia

Explanation:

Initially, ammonia at 200 K is liquid. To calculate the change of enthalpy from 200 K to 195 K (melting point) we need to know the heat capacity of ammonia(ℓ).

At 195, ammonia is in the transition from liquid to solid (solidification). To calculate the change of enthalpy in that process we need to know the enthalpy of solidification of ammonia, which has the same value but opposite sign to the enthalpy of fusion of ammonia.

From 195 K to 0 K, ammonia is solid. To calculate the change of enthalpy in that process we need to know the heat capacity of ammonia(s).

plants need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food. plants use the raw materials of water, nutrients they absorb from soil, and carbon dioxide to make sugars the plant can use. energy from the sun and chlorophyll are also needed.

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