What is the vertical row of elements called? what do they have in common?

vertical rows are called groups

Explanation:

the elements of the same group are common in the number of electrons in the outermost energy level

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.

every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.