Someone has suggested that the air standard otto cycle is more accurate if the two isentropic processes are replaced with polytropic processes with a polytropic exponent of n = 1.3. consider such a cycle when the compression ratio is 8, p 1 is 95 kpa, t1 is 15 c and the maximum cycle temperature is 1200 c. determine the heat transferred to and rejected from this cycle as well as the cycles thermal efficiency. use constant specific heats at room temperature. answers 835 kj/kg, 420 kj/kg, 49.8%.

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chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. some reactions produce heat and are called exothermic reactions and others may require heat to enable the reaction to occur, which are called endothermic reactions. understanding chemical changes is a major part of the science of chemistry.

ca has a crystalline lattice with positive ions (since it is a metal, metals are positively charged) and electrons flow freely in its structure since the ca atoms have a large nuclear radius so the electrons are not tightly held, therefore the electrons can flow freely since they are not being highly attracted by the nucleus. moreover, one of the properties of metals are that they are conductors of electricity, thus proving ca is the element.