The human eye contains a molecule called 11-cis-retinal that changes shape when struck with light of sufficient energy. the change in shape triggers a series of events that results in an electrical signal being sent to the brain that results in vision. the minimum energy required to change the conformation of 11-cis-retinal within the eye is about 164 kj/mol.
calculate the longest wavelength visible to the human eye.

1.21 × 10⁻³⁰ m

Explanation:

1 mol of photons causing the change in the conformation of 11-retinal has an energy of 164 kJ. We can find out the wavelength (λ) associated with this energy (E) using the Planck-Einstein equation.

E = h . c . λ⁻¹

where,

h is the Planck's constant

c is the speed of light

λ = h . c . E⁻¹ = (6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J × s) × (3.00 × 10⁸ m/s) × (164 × 10³ J)⁻¹ = 1.21 × 10⁻³⁰ m

adding or remove a gaseous reactant or product changes the concentrations. if the concentration of reactant or product is increased, the system will shift away from the side in which concentration was increased (i.e. if the concentration of reactants is increased, the system will shift toward the products. if more products are added, the system will shift to form more reactants). conversely, if the concentration of reactant or product is decreased, the system will shift toward the side in which concentration was decreased (i.e. if reactants are removed, the system will shift to form more reactants. if the concentration of products is decreased, the equilibrium will shift toward the products).

explanation: