`i am holding a balloon containing 439 ml of gas over my fireplace. the temperature and pressure of the gas inside the balloon is 317.15 k and 0.959 atm, respectively. suppose i don't want the pressure to change, but i want to the volume to go down to 0.378 l. what is the temperature that i need to reach when i cool down the balloon? to what temperature (in celsius) must the balloon be cooled to reduce its volume to 0.378 l if the pressure doesn't change (remained constant)?

- 0.07 °C

Explanation:

At constant pressure and number of moles, Using Charle's law  

Given ,  

V₁ = 439 mL  = 0.439 L ( 1 L = 0.001 mL )

V₂ = 0.378 L

T₁ = 317.15 K

T₂ = ?

Using above equation as:

The conversion of T(K) to T( °C) is shown below:

T( °C) = T(K) - 273.15  

So, T = 273.08 - 273.15 °C = - 0.07 °C

the ozone layer acts as a filter for the shorter wavelength and highly hazardous ultraviolet radiation (uvr) from the sun, protecting life on earth from its potentially harmful effects. when the sky is clear, there is an inverse relationship between stratospheric ozone and solar uvr measured at the earth's surface.