8. explain the process of convection at the molecular level.

Convection is a type of heat transfer that only happens in liquids and gasses. Convection happens when there is a difference in temperature between two parts of a liquid or gas.

Explanation:

a small container that holds a source of energy a solar cell that captures light energy and converts it into electricity a voltaic cell that uses the oxidation of a fuel to produce electricity

explanation:

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms