Exceptions to the octet rule include... (Choose all that apply)

a. fluorine serving as the central atom in a molecule.
b. central atoms with greater than 8 electrons.
c. molecules with an odd number of electrons.
d. central atoms with fewer than 8 electrons.
e. sulfur appearing as a terminal atom.

answer: option (a) is the correct answer.

explanation:

the measurement of hydrogen ions in a solution is known as ph.

if ph of a solution is less than 7 then the solution is acidic. if ph of a solution is greater than 7 then the solution is basic.

when the ph of a solution equals 7, then the solution is considered as neutral.

the ph of pure water is 7, therefore, it means that concentration of hydronium ions equals that of hydroxide ions.