Sophia and her friend Nora have the same unknown solid. Sophia has progressed a little faster with the purification process, but now she is standing around twiddling her thumbs because no crystals are forming, even over an ice bath. Nora decides that Sophia’s problem is too much solvent. Determined not to have the same problem, Nora uses a minimal volume of hot solvent to dissolve her compound before doing the gravity filtration step. She begins to pour her hot solution into the filter cone of a long-stemmed funnel and ….is that missed impurities sprouting up on the funnel walls? Why so shiny? Explain what Nora did wrong and how to fix the problem.

Nora used a minimal volume of hot solvent, this hot mixture was filtered to remove insoluble impurities.  She had to perform a rapid filtration with a minimum of evaporation in a short-stemmed funnel previously heated in an oven, and provided with a pleated filter to increase the filtration rate, so in this way she prevented the product from crystallizing prematurely on the funnel stem.

If with this technique does not reach a pure substance, the process can be repeated by heating the solvent, changing the funnel or looking for a solvent with high dissolution power of the substance.

Explanation:

The solid products obtained in a reaction are usually accompanied by impurities that must be removed in order to dispose of the desired product in the highest possible purity. The most suitable method for removing impurities that contaminate a solid is by crystallization either in a pure solvent or in a mixture of solvents. This procedure is given the generic name of recrystallization.

he uptake of drugs from the intestine is often strongly influenced by diffusion. for example, consider a water-insoluble steroid for treating inflammation that is solubilized in aggregates of detergent molecules, called micelles. these micelles, aggregates of 80 soap molecules, have a molecular weight of 24,000, a diameter of 2.6 nm, and a charge of -27. the positively charge ions (counterions) in this system are na".