Do you expect the ionization energies of anions of group 17 elements to be lower than, higher than, or about the same for neutral atoms of the same group?

The ionization energies of anions of group 17 elements are expected to be lower than the neutral atoms of the same group.

Ionization energy is the minimum required energy that is needed to eliminate an electron from the orbital of its atom to a point its no longer connected to the atom.

As we go down the group, the ionization energies decrease and increase across the period.

Since the size of an anion has an increased nuclear charge than a neutral atom, it is difficult to remove the outer electron with lesser energy.

Therefore, the ionization energy of the anions is lower than the neutral atoms of the same group.

Learn more about ionization energies here:

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The ionization energies of anions of group 17 elements will be higher than for neutral atoms of the same group.

Explanation:

The ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from the valence shell of an isolated gaseous atom of an element.

Ionization energy depends on:

a) Electronic configuration of an element: If on losing or gaining of an electron an element attains noble gas configuration or half filled stability then it will be difficult to remove the electron from stable configuration.

b) size of an element :larger the size more lesser the effective nuclear charge on electron thus lower the ionization energy.

Group 17 elements have 7 valence electrons and thus on gaining one electron , they attain stable noble gas configuration and thus the ionization energy will become higher.

1. for the first question, we must find the mass of the anhydrous salt, mgso₄. the molar mass for mgso₄·7h₂o is 246.47 g/mol, while that of mgso₄ is 120.37 g/mol.7.834 g mgso₄·7h₂o * 1 mol mgso₄·7h₂o/246.47 g * 1 mol mgso₄/1 mol mgso₄·7h₂o * 20.37 g mgso₄/mol = 0.647 g mgso₄

2. mass of water = mass of sample - mass of anhydrous salemass of water = 7.834 - 0.647 = 7.19 gpercent water in hydrate = 7.19/7.834 * 100 = 91.74%