Suppose in the lab you measure the solid NaOH and dissolve it into 100.0 mL of water. You then measure 0.2000 g of KHP (KC8H5O4, 204.22 g/mol) and place it in a clean, dry 100-mL beaker, and then dissolve the KHP in about 25 mL of water and add a couple of drops of phenolphthalein indicator. You titrate this with your NaOH(aq) solution and find that the titration requires 9.53 mL of NaOH(aq).

a. What is the concentration of your NaOH(aq) solution?
b. Determine the number of moles of NaOH(aq) that would be required to titrate 250.00 mL of your Kool-Aid solution.

Explanation:

Equation of the reaction:

NaOH(aq) + KHC8H4O4(aq) --> KNaC8H4O4(aq) + H2O(l)

A.

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

= 0.20/204.22

= 9.79 x 10-4 mol KHP

By stoichiometry, 1 mole of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of KHP

= 6.267 x 10-4 mol NaOH

Molar concentration = number of moles/volume

= 9.79 x 10-4/0.00953

= 0.103 M NaOH

B.

Number of moles of kool aid = mass/molar mass

= 3.607/342

= 0.01055 mol

Concentration = 0.01055/0.005

= 2.1 M

C1 * V1 = C2 * V2

Concentration of NaOH = 2.1 * 0.005/0.01079

= 0.977 M

Number of moles of NaOH = 0.0105 mol.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.