The difference between the transmissivity of shortwave insolation and longwave terrestrial radiation by various atmospheric gases is better known as the .

greenhouse effect

Explanation:

Greenhouse effect -

It is the process by which the radiations on the planet gets trapped inside its atmosphere and increases the temperature of the planet , is referred to as the process of greenhouse effect .

Few gases are responsible to show this process , like carbon dioxide . methane , water vapour etc.

The process of greenhouse is important for the planet to sustain life , as it makes the planet warm and thereby don't allow the planet to freeze ,

But  excess of greenhouse effect can make the planet extremely warm , and lead to a condition of global warming .

Hence , from the given information of the question ,

The correct answer is greenhouse effect .

it should have an internal chamber and two thermometers sticking out of the top. the internal chamber will also be closed off from the outside.