The creation of shells by mollusk species is a fascinating process. By utilizing the Ca2+ in their food and aqueous environment, as well as some complex equilibrium processes, a hard calcium carbonate shell can be produced. One important equilibrium reaction in this complex process is as follows. HCO3−(aq) equilibrium reaction arrow H +(aq) + CO32−(aq) K = 5.6 ✕ 10−11 If 0.15 mole of HCO3− is placed into 1.00 L of solution, what will be the equilibrium concentration (in M) of CO32−?

Calculate the ratio of h+ ions to oh– ions at a ph = 7. find the concentration of h+ ions to oh– ions listed in table b of your student guide. then divide the h+ concentration by the oh– concentration. record this calculated ratio in table a of your student guide. compare your approximated and calculated ratios of h+ ions to oh– ions at a ph = 7. are they the same? why or why not? record your comparison in table a. what is the concentration of h+ ions at a ph = 7? mol/l what is the concentration of oh– ions at a ph = 7? mol/l what is the ratio of h+ ions to oh– ions at a ph = 7? : 1

Freezing and boiling are endothermic processes. this means that these processes absorb energy from their surroundings in order to occur. use this information and the data you collected in the phase change gizmo to describe what happens to the temperature of water when you boil it, then explain why this result occurs.

Using the first volume and temperature reading on the table as v1 and t1, solve for the unknown values in the table below. remember to use the rules of significant figures when entering your numeric response.