Aldehydes and ketones react reversibly with two equivalents of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give acetals. Alcohols are poor nucleophiles, and so protonation of the carbonyl oxygen is used to make the carbonyl carbon a stronger electrophile. Addition of the first equivalent of alcohol gives a hemiacetal, a hydroxyether. Addition of the second equivalent of alcohol is accompanied by loss of water to yield the product acetal. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.

If 34.2 grams of lithium react with excess water, how many liters of hydrogen gas can be produced at 299 kelvin and 1.21 atmospheres? 2 li (s) + 2 h2o (l) yields 2 lioh (aq) + h2 (g)

Which statement correctly describes the phosphate ion, ? it is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms covalently bonded together, and there is a –3 charge distributed over the entire ion. it is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms covalently bonded together, and there is a –3 charge on the phosphorus atom. it is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms ionically bonded together, and there is a –3 charge distributed over the entire ion. it is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms ionically bonded together, and there is a –3 charge on the phosphorus atom.

Some familiar products contain some of the same types of atoms. for instance, the chemical formula for baking soda is nahco 3. the chemical formula for liquid bleach is naclo, and the chemical formula for table salt is nacl. which choice best describes why these three products have some of the same types of atoms in common?