The big bang theory states that the Universe began by expanding from a small point nearly 14 billion years ago. Since that time, the Universe has continued to expand, and it is still expanding today. In 1964, two scientists, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, were studying electromagnetic radiation emitted from space. During their research, they detected background radiation coming from all directions in the sky. This background radiation was found to be microwaves created during the big bang. What does this information demonstrate? A. Most scientific theories of the Universe's origin remain the same even if scientific data fails to support them. B. The origin of the Universe should be explained by stating a theory is correct before collecting data. C. Scientific data can be used to help support a theory of the origin of the Universe. D. Scientific data can be used to help show that theories of the Universe's origin should always remain the same.

part 1: the half-life of the element is 22 years.

part 2: it will take 132.02 year for the sample to decay from 308.0 g to 4.8125 g.

explanation:

part 1: there are two ways to determine the half life time.

first way: the half life time can be determined directly from its definition as it is the time required for the sample to decay to its half concentration.

from the data the initial concentration was 45.0 g and decayed to its half value (22.5 g) in 22.0 years.

second way: the radio active decay is considered first order reaction so we can use the laws of first order reactions.

k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x), where k is the rate constant of the reaction,

t is the time of the reaction

a is the initial concentration of the reactant

a-x is the remaining concentration at time (t)

a = 45.0 g the initial concentration at t = 0 year.

at t = 22 year, a-x = 22.5 g

then k = (1/22 year) ln (45.0 g/ 22.5 g) = 0.0315 year-1.

the half-life time (t1/2) = ln 2/ k = 0.693/ k =0.693/ 0.0315 = 22 years.

part 2:

using the same law k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x),

using the given data; a = 308.0 g and a-x = 4.8125 g and the calculated k from the part 1 (k = 0.0315 year-1)

t = (1/k) ln (a/a-x) = (1/0.0315) ln (308.0/ 4.8125) = 132.02 years

plasma is the state of matter where the substance is ionized and has no definite shape or volume. the fact of being ionized makes the substance a good electrical conductor.