An obese man was discovered in his air-conditioned hotel room sitting in a chair in front of the television. The air conditioner was set for 65 degrees Fahrenheit. When the coroner arrived, the man’s body exhibited rigor in his upper body only. estimate how long he has been deceased

It has been approximately 6 hours after death.

Explanation:

This is because between 2-6 hours after death, the body starts becoming stiff from top to bottom, then spreading to the limbs. Since there is only rigor in his upper body, that would mean that with normal temperature and body conditions, it would be 4 or 5 hours after death. But since he is obese and in cold temperature, there is slower progression of rigor, leading to the maximum time in the first rigor mortis phase, 6 hours.

pure substance: iron,copper

impure substance: water,charcoal

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.