A simple equation relates the standard free‑energy change, Δ G ∘ ′ , to the change in reduction potential, Δ E ′ 0 . Δ G ∘ ′ = − n F Δ E ′ 0 The n represents the number of transferred electrons, and F is the Faraday constant with a value of 96.48 kJ ⋅ mol − 1 ⋅ V − 1 . Use the standard reduction potentials provided to determine the standard free energy released by reducing O 2 with FADH 2 . Oxidant Reductant n E ′ 0 ( V ) FAD FADH 2 2 − 0.22 1 2 O 2 + 2 H + H 2 O 2 + 0.82 Δ G ∘ ′ =

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.

it would be a gas formation

a. energy is absorbed in the reaction.

if in a given reaction the energy of products is greater than the energy of reactants it means that reaction is endothermic and during the reaction, the energy is absorbed by reactants. in an endothermic reaction, the products have more stored chemical energy than the reactants. and in this reaction the reactants are more stable than products before the compounds with less energy are always more stable.

c. electrical charges of ionic bonds.