Crushing a solid substance increases the rate at which the substance dissolves because crushing
a. decreases the concentration of the substance.
b. increases the kinetic energy of the particles of the solute.
c. causes the particles of the substance to become disarranged.
d. increases the surface area of solute that is exposed to solvent.

d. increases the surface area of solute that is exposed to solvent.

Explanation:

Surface area is a mathematical term, used to refer to the total area that a solid substance occupies. In this case, the more fragmented a solid substance is, the larger its surface area will be. From this we can conclude that crushing a solid substance increases the rate at which the substance dissolves because crushing increases the surface area of the solute that is exposed to the solvent.

answer: the figure is attached herewith.

step-by-step explanation:   we are given to sketch a unit circle and label the terminal points corresponding to

in the attached figure, we have drawn a unit circle, with centre at o(0,0) and radius 1 unit. we have labelled the points a, b, c, d and e corresponding to the angles below

∠aox = 60°,

∠box = 120°,

∠cox = 180°,

∠dox = 240°,

∠eox = 300°.

and the coordinates are a(0.5,1), b(-0.5,1), c(-1,0), d(-0.5,-1) and e(0.5,-1).

thus, the answer is complete.

r just means there's a number of carbon in teh chain. for example rcooh means that after x number of carbon, the chain ends with cooh.

explanation: