Are there any outliers? A. Yes, the volumes of 0 oz and 200 oz appear to be outliers because they are far away from the other temperatures. B. Yes, the volume of 70 oz appears to be an outlier because many sodas had this as their volume. C. No, there do not appear to be any outliers. D. Yes, the volume of 50 oz appears to be an outlier because it is far away from the other volumes.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

the ratio of the conjugate base to the acid required to attain the desired ph.