A 3.24-gram sample of NaHCO3 was completely decomposed in an experiment.

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2CO3

In this experiment, carbon dioxide and water vapors combine to form H2CO3. After decomposition, the Na2CO3 had a mass of 2.19 grams.

Determine the mass of the H2CO3 produced.

Theoretical mass/yield of H2CO3 produced = 1.196 g

Actual mass/yield of  H2CO3 produced = 1.05 g

Explanation:

NaHCO3 sample was decomposed to  Na2CO3 + H2CO3. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is represented below:

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2CO3

The mass of NaHCO3 = 3.24 g

Molar mass of NaHCO3  = 23 + 1 + 12 + 48 = 84 g

From the chemical equation 2 moles of NaHCO3 was used. Therefore the mass will be 2 × 84 = 168 g

Molar mass of H2CO3 = 2 + 12 + 48 = 62 g

168 g of  NaHCO3 produces 62 g of H2CO3

3.24 g of NaHCO3 will produce ? g of H2CO3

cross multiply

theoretical mass of H2CO3 produced = (3.24 × 62)/168

theoretical mass of H2CO3 produced = 200.88/168

theoretical mass of H2CO3 produced = 1.1957142857 g

Theoretical mass of H2CO3 produced = 1.196 g

Actual mass of H2CO3

Actual mass of  H2CO3 produced = mass of NaHCO3 - mass of  Na2CO3

Actual mass of  H2CO3 produced = 3.24 - 2.19

Actual mass of  H2CO3 produced = 1.05 g

The question didn't indicate whether you want the actual mass or theoretical mass but i calculated for both mass.

b.

the accuracy of the data.

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.