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The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.

Look at the spectrums of a star moving towards earth and a motionless star. which of these is a correct inference that can be draw from the observation of the two spectrums? (2 points) the spectrum of a motionless star is difficult to be viewed separately using oridinary telescopes. the spectrum of a motionless star is identical to the spectrum of a star which moves towards earth. the spectrum of a star shifts towards the red region when the star moves towards earth. the spectrum of a star shifts towards the blue region when the star moves towards earth.

One student said that the investigation was not valid (a fair test). write a plan for the investigation that includes improvements to the method and apparatus