A copper-nickel alloy of composition 70 wt% Ni-30 wt% Cu is slowly heated from a temperature of 1300°C (2370°F). (a) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form? (b) What is the composition of this liquid phase? (c) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur? (d) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting? (e) Explain what kind of microstructure would occur if the alloy was very rapidly cooled from 1400°C to RT. (f) How would the microstructure be different if the sample was cooled less quickly but still not slowly enough to allow a fully equilibrium microstructure? Would the alloy be safe to heat to 10 C below the solidus in this condition?

During metamorphic processes, increased pressure and temperature can affect the of minerals in rock. rocks subjected to very high pressure are typically than others because mineral grains are squeezed together, and the atoms are more closely packed. during metamorphic processes, water facilitates the transfer of ions between and within minerals, which can the rate at which metamorphic reactions take place. the growth of new minerals within a rock during metamorphism has been estimated to be about per million years. metamorphism is commonly associated with convergent plate boundaries, where two plates move toward each other. during contact metamorphism, a large intrusion will contain thermal energy and will cool much more slowly than a small one. metamorphosed sandstone is known as the metamorphic rock made from metamorphosed shale, was once used to make blackboards for classrooms.

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