Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions.
1. From the following list, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.
a. Activation of the ring towards substitution
i. -CF3
ii. -NO2
iii. -OCOCH3
iv. -NH2

In a laboratory experiment, a fermenting aqueous solution of glucose and yeast produces carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. the solution was heated by burning natural gas in a bunsen burner to distill the ethanol that formed in the flask. during the distillation, the ethanol evaporated and then condensed in the receiving flask. the flame of the burner was kept too close to the bottom of the flask and some of the glucose decomposed into a black carbon deposit on the inside of the flask. during this experiment the following changes occurred. which of these changes involved a physical change and not a chemical change? check all that apply. 1-condensation of ethanol 2-evaporation of ethanol 3- formation of carbon dioxide gas from glucose burning of natural gas 4-formation of ethanol from glucose by yeast 5-formation of a carbon deposit inside the flask

In numbering carbon atoms in the parent chain of a hydrocarbon, why would you number from right to left, rather than left to right

Draw the skeletal structures of two different molecules that are each made of 5 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms.