When may a scientific theory be revised

Which is the layer underground where all empty spaces are filled with a combination of air and water ?

3.) for each of the following compounds, draw the major organic product of reaction with hcl or naoh and circle whether the starting materials and products will be more soluble in organic solvent or water benzoic acid + hcl: benzoic acid + naoh: oh benzoic acid water/organic water organic fluorenone hс: fluorenone + naoh: fluorenone water/organic water/organic веnzocaine + hci: benzocaine + n»oh: h2n benzocaine water/organic water organic o=

Calcium chloride +gold(1) oxide—>