Calculate the percent ionic, the percent covalent, and the bond length (in picometers) of a chemical bond between phosphorus and selenium. Phosphorus—atomic radius: 109 pm; covalent radius: 106 pm; ionic radius: 212 pm.
Selenium—atomic radius: 122 pm; covalent radius: 116 pm; ionic radius: 198 pm.

98 percent ionic, 2 percent covalent, 410 pm
4 percent ionic, 96 percent covalent, 222 pm
2 percent ionic, 98 percent covalent, 222 pm
96 percent ionic, 4 percent covalent, 410 pm

The correct option is;

4 percent ionic, 96 percent covalent, 222 pm

Explanation:

The parameters given are;

Phosphorus:

Atomic radius = 109 pm

Covalent radius = 106 pm

Ionic radius = 212 pm

Electronegativity of phosphorus = 2.19  

Selenium:

Atomic radius = 122 pm

Covalent radius = 116 pm

Ionic radius = 198 pm

Electronegativity of selenium= 2.55  

The percentage ionic character of the chemical bond between phosphorus and selenium is given by the relation;

Using Pauling's alternative electronegativity difference method, we have;

Where:

Δ E.N. = Change in electronegativity = 2.55 - 2.19 = 0.36

Therefore;

Hence the percentage ionic character = 4.3% ≈ 4%

the percentage covalent character = (100 - 4.3)% = 95.7% ≈ 96%

The bond length for the covalent bond is found adding the covalent radii of both atoms as follows;

The bond length for the covalent bond = 106 pm + 116 pm = 222 pm.

The correct option is therefore, 4 percent ionic, 96 percent covalent, 222 pm.

aquifers are bounded above and below by impermeable rock. the driving force of groundwater movement in confined aquifers is pressure, rather than gravity.

16

explanation:

the marks go by 4s