Which statement best describes covalent bonding?

C. Electrons are shared between two atoms.

What is Covalent Bonding?

For example:

In H₂ molecule; there is a covalent bond formation between two hydrogen atoms as the electron from each hydrogen atom is shared leading to the formation of hydrogen molecule.

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Option C. Electrons are shared between two atoms

Explanation:

Covalent bonding is a type of bonding which exist between two non metals.

In this bonding, electrons are shared between the two atoms involved in order to attain a stable octet configuration.

This can be seen when hydrogen atom combine with chlorine atom to form hydrogen chloride as shown below:

H + Cl —> HCl

Hydrogen has 1 electron in it's outmost shell and it requires 1 electron to attain a stable configuration.

Chlorine has 7 electrons in it's outmost shell and requires 1 electron to attain a stable configuration.

During bonding, both hydrogen and chlorine will contribute 1 electron each to form bond, thereby attaining a stable configuration. The bond formed in this case is called covalent bond as both atoms involved shared electron to attain a stable configuration.

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."