The nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is the reverse of the reactions in the oxidative phase. has a heptose intermediate. is impaired in glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. is irreversible under physiological conditions.

How does a catalyst increase the speed of a reaction? a. the catalyst eliminates the activated complex stage, allowing products to form immediately. b. the catalyst lowers the energy level of the reactants, making it easier for them to react. c. the catalyst makes it easier for the activated complex to form, lowering the activation energy. d. the catalyst raises the energy level of the products, making the reaction finish sooner. reset next