A plasma that has particles that never collide frequently enough to exchange kinetic energy and never reach a temperature equal to the surroundings is categorized as a thermal plasma. ionized plasma. low density plasma. nonthermal plasma.

For comprehension, the question is written properly with options attached below:

plasma that has particles that never collide frequently enough to exchange kinetic energy and never reach a temperature equal to the surroundings is categorized as:

A. a thermal plasma.

B. ionized plasma.

C. low density plasma

D. nonthermal plasma.

The correct answer to the question above is "Option D (nonthermal plasma.)"

Explanation:

Plasma, for example radiant sun are state of matter made up of atoms where the ions move freely, there are composed of photons and free electrons but the positive and negative ions are equal creating a swirling gas of positive ions and negative electron and they are also good conductors of electricity as their charged particles move.

Unlike thermal plasmas that ensure their temperature is equal to their surroundings, non-thermal plasma, is not in equilibrium with its surrounding., in other words, non-thermal plasma never reaches temperature that is equal to their surroundings. They can be formed by electrifying electromagnetic waves.

A plasma with particles that never collide frequently to exchange kinetic energy is : ( D ) Nonthermal plasma

A plasma is a body of matter made up photons and  freely moving ions contained its atoms the free moving ions are both positive and negative ions which are equal to each other.

A Thermal plasma collide frequently enough to reach a temperature that is equal to the temperature of the surroundings while Nonthermal plasma does not collide enough and does not reach an equilibrium temperature with its surrounding.

Hence we can conclude that A plasma with particles that never collide to exchange kinetic energy is A Nonthermal plasma.

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answer: option (4) is the correct answer.

explanation:

areas which are at low altitudes and near the equator tend to receive direct sunlight from the sun. hence, heat energy or radiations from the sun make these areas warmer and they have warmest water.

whereas areas which are at high altitudes and away from the equator do no receive direct sunlight. hence, no direct contact from the sun makes these regions colder and thus, they have colder water.

thus, we can conclude that the statement areas at low latitudes near the equator have the warmest water because they receive the most direct sunlight best explains the relationship between an area's geography and the temperature of its surface water.