We will abbreviate malonic acid CH2(CO2H)2, a diprotic acid, as H2A (pK1 = 2.847 and pK2 = 5.696). Find the pH in (a) 0.200 M H2A; and (b) 0.200 M NaHA.

a. pH  → 1.77

b. pH → 4.27

Explanation:

Malonic acid is a dyprotic acid. It releases two protons:

H₂A  +  H₂O →  H₃O⁺   +  HA⁻     Ka1

HA⁻   +  H₂O →  H₃O⁺   +  A⁻²          Ka2

Let's find the first pH:

We expose the mass balance:

Ca = [HA]  +  [HA⁻] + [A⁻²] = 0.2 M

We can not consider the [A⁻²] so → Ca =  [HA]  +  [HA⁻] = 0.2M

As the acid is so concentrated, we can not consider the HA- so:

Ca = [HA] = 0.2 M

Charge balance →  [H⁺]  =  [HA⁻]  + [OH⁻]

H₂A  +  H₂O →  H₃O⁺   +  HA⁻     Ka1

Ka = H₃O⁺ . HA⁻ / H₂A

We need the HA⁻ value to put on the charge balance. We re order the Ka expression:

HA⁻ = Ka . H₂A / H₃O⁺           (notice that H₃O⁺ = H⁺)

We replace:  H⁺¨ = Ka . H₂A / H⁺

(H⁺)² = Ka . Ca

H⁺ = √(Ka . Ca)         We determine Ka from pKa → 10²'⁸⁴⁷ = 1.42×10⁻³

H⁺ = √(1.42×10⁻³ . 0.2)  =  0.016866

- log [H⁺] = pH  → - log 0.016866 = 1.77

b. NaHA is the salt from the weak acid, where the HA⁻ works as an amphoterous, this means that can be an acid or a base:

HA⁻  +  H₂O  ⇄  A⁻²  +  H₃O⁺     Ka₂

HA⁻  +  H₂O ⇄  H₂A  +  OH⁻      Kb2

There is a formula than can predict the pH, so now we need to compare the Ka₂ and Kb₂ data.

Ka₂ = 10⁻⁵'⁶⁹⁶ = 2.01×10⁻⁶

Kb₂ = 1×10⁻¹⁴ / 1.42×10⁻³  = 7.04×10⁻¹²

So Ka₂ > Kb₂. In conclussion the pH will be acid.

[H⁺] = √(Ka1 .  Ka2)  →  [H⁺] = √ 1.42×10⁻³ . 2.01×10⁻⁶ = 5.34×10⁻⁵

- log 5.34×10⁻⁵  = pH → 4.27

the answer is b & c i believe : )

substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon:

- the single bond remains single. a is wrong.

- the bond with hydrogen is as strong as with a halogen. c is wrong

- a hydrocarbon is saturated if there is no double bond. we do not know that so d is wrong.

- carbon will always have four valence electrons. e is wrong.

by elimination, the correct answer is b. the boiling point of the new compound increases.