Wich of the following is the best definition of and independent variable

The concept of empiricism states that all rationally accepted knowledge is determined from experience. francis bacon was one of the first scientists to promote this theory. what was it’s impact on society?

What layer of the atmosphere is directly above the troposphere?

If i initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 atm, a volume of 23 liters, and a temperature of 200 k, and then i raise the pressure to 14 atm and increase the temperature to 300 k, what is the new volume of the gas?