How a cation is formed by an atom?

Cations are positively charged atoms and hence we need to make the atom positively charged in order to get a cation

We know that an atom is neutral as a whole, so we have equal number of electrons and protons

since we cannot mess with the number of protons in an atom, we have to do it by altering the number of electrons

If we reduce the amount of electrons in an atom, the net charge will be positive and hence a cation will be formed

1. a)c-14 has two more protons

2. d)they have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and valence electrons; they are all gases at room temperature.

3. c) iron and nickel.