a drug company is testing the effectiveness of a new blood pressure medicine using ratstas the test subjects.
a. describe the experimental group:
b. describe the control group:
c. what is the independent variable?
d. what is the dependent variable?
this is 16

a. Group of rats which was tested.

b. Group of rats which was left untreated.

c. The new blood pressure medicine.

d. Effectiveness of the blood pressure medicine on the rats.

Explanation:

In an experimental setup certain variables are taken which are examined to determine the result of the experiment. The independent variable can be manipulated in an experiment so as to determine it's influence over the experimental group. The experimental group is the one which is being treated in an experiment. The control group is the one which is not treated in an experiment. It is kept as a standard to observe and compare the changes occurring in the experimental variable. The outcome of the changes occurring in the experimental variable can be used to determine the result of the experiment, in form of dependent variable.

a. Group of rats which was tested.: One group of rats can be used to test the effectiveness of the medicine will be included as experimental group.

b. Group of rats which was left untreated.: One group of rats can be used as a control group which is left undisturbed without treatment.

c. The new blood pressure medicine.: The new blood pressure medicine is the independent variable as it's affect and efficiency is undetermined for blood pressure.

d. Effectiveness of the blood pressure medicine on the rats.: The outcome of drug testing should be the determination of the effectiveness of the medicine on the blood pressure of rats. Hence, this is the dependent variable.

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water pollution kills aquatic life. aquatic life includes algae and other plant life that use photosynthesis. photosynthesis takes   c02 out of the air.  

c02is a greenhouse gas.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.