Ernest Rutherford was an important early researcher in nuclear physics. In his gold foil experiment he observed that particles with a positive charge deflected when passing through a thin sheet of gold foil. What conclusion did he make in this observation?
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The positive part of an atom is small and dense.
Electrons are located outside of the nuclues.
Electrons have a negative charge.
All atoms have protons, neutrons, and electrons.

i am going to put the answers in order i dint feel like typing it out so yeah

a

d

c

b

b

b

a

d

a

b

c

c

c

b

d

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

56 moles of   lieter in chemistry