Billy and Bob want to know if the amount of baking soda added to vinegar will affect the height a rocket will launch. what is the independent and dependent variable thank you

I'm learning about the periodic tables and what each subject's configuration is. for example, hydrogen is 1s^1, but i don't understand how you get that. can someone me understand how to figure out how to figure this out? sorry if the question makes no sense, but it would really a lot if you could me understand! you so much if you can!