How can liquid water become hot enough to alter the chemistry of a rock without vaporizing?

As a liquid is heated, its molecules absorb heat and move faster. When the liquid starts to boil, bubbles of vapor form within the liquid and rise to the surface. The temperature that causes this to happen is known as the boiling point of a liquid. There are two key differences between evaporation and boiling.

Explanation:

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it forms an anion that has a larger radius. anions have a negative charge and are larger than the original atom.