Temperature and kinetic energy have a relationship.

Explanation:

Temperature is also known as the average kinetic energy in a substance.

If there is an absence of heat in a substance, the particles move slower and the kinetic energy decreases. The temperature will be lower, because there is less kinetic energy.

If heat is present or applied, the particles move more, so kinetic energy increases. The temperature will be higher, since there is more kinetic energy.

So, the relationship is: temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.