8. What do scientists think orbital changes caused in the past

For more than a century scientists have known that Earth's ice ages are caused by the wobbling of the planet's orbit, which changes its orientation to the sun and affects the amount of sunlight reaching higher latitudes, particularly the polar regions.

in cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level. a contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes.

explanation: