A human liver cell and a human skin cell in the same person have the same genetic sequences. However, these cells are different because the liver cell. A. has more dominant traits than the skin cell B. can reproduce but the skin cell cannot C. carries out respiration but the skin cell does not D. uses different genes than the skin cell

there is none because earth is stationary and flat.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.