How can a change in the base pairs lead to a change of traits

Which is the layer underground where all empty spaces are filled with a combination of air and water ?

Microtubular fibers that assist in the movement of chromosomes during nuclear division in conjunction with proteins, makes up the small and large organelle pieces that assemble prior to translation three-base nucleotide sequence that can complementarily pair with the functional transcript, allowing a particular material to be brought to a ribosome particular time in the cell cycle when the cell’s systems determine if the cellular conditions are appropriate to continue through the cycle time in the cell’s cycle when proteins are made and organelles are duplicated enzyme that allows proper nucleotide bonding during transcription specific dna sequence which will initiate gene transcription division of the cell’s cytoplasm specific bond that forms between two amino acids when a carboxyl group binds to a amino group three-base sequence that does not code for a particular amino acid a paired organelle which facilitates the formation of movement microtubules time in the cell’s cycle when the microtubular structures exert an equal pressure on the cell’s genetic material

Idon't really understand this can you me and show your work.☺☺[ chemistry b] subject [ electron transfer in lonic bonds]grade( 12)