What's the answer to this and why? need a answer asap

If anyone would be able to me out with these three questions it would be these are from the chem 2202 course.

13. a covalent bond between two atoms is likely to be polar if: a. one of the atoms is much more electronegative than the other. b. the two atoms are equally electronegative. c. the two atoms are of the same element. d. the bond is part of a tetrahedrally shaped molecule. e. one atom is an anion.

I'm learning about the periodic tables and what each subject's configuration is. for example, hydrogen is 1s^1, but i don't understand how you get that. can someone me understand how to figure out how to figure this out? sorry if the question makes no sense, but it would really a lot if you could me understand! you so much if you can!