Is there a relationship between cohesion and volume? Your C-E-R explanation must include at least 2 solid pieces of evidence from your hands-on investigation! Be sure to provide sufficient reasoning for each piece of evidence.

C = Claim: This is a 1-sentence answer to the scientific

question.

E = Evidence: Observations and data collected first-hand.

R = Reasoning: Science facts, concepts and definitions (as well
as commonly accepted understandings about the way the world works - or, in this case, water works!) that help explain why the evidence you collected makes sense to support your claim

the data used to support the claim. It can be either quantitative or qualitive depending on the question and/or lab

Explanation:

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.