all amino acids have two ionizable groups (an alpha-amino group with pka~9.3, and an alpha-carboxyl group with pka~2.2). lysine also has an ionizable side-chain (r) with a pka of 10.5. what percentage of the lysine side chain is deprotonated at ph 11.5?
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0.099%
9.1%
0.99%
90.9%

c. because step up transformer steps up the input voltage i.e increases the input voltage  

the number of turns are greater on the secondary side of step up transformer  

transformer does not handle dc current

the answer would be a

answer : a model is often used to explain and make things easier to understand when any scientific topic needs to be demonstrated and explained.

as in this case where a scientist wants to use a model to present the results of his detailed scientific investigation. he should do it as it will him to make the audience understand the concept in a much better way. also, it can be changed according to new scientific understandings.