Which change to the setup is least likely to cause an increase production of bubbles? Adding a bright light source.
Adding a source of carbon dioxide to the water.
Adding a different fluid to the water.
Adding a second plant to the test tube.

answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.