What is the main reason that atoms lose or gain electrons to become ions?

Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. Positively charged ions are called cations. Most metals become cations when they make ionic compounds.

it should have an internal chamber and two thermometers sticking out of the top. the internal chamber will also be closed off from the outside.