How is fractional distillation of crude oil related to stoichiometry

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Over the last 90 years, scientists have added to the body of evidence supporting the big bang theory. what is the latest piece of evidence discovered in 2014?

When a scientific theory has been tested and proved by the scientific community, it becomes a law