According to kinetic theory, all matter is made up of small particles. The particles are constantly moving
Diagram 1 shows how the particles may be arranged in a solid.
Diagram 1
(a)
One kilogram of a gas has a much larger volume than one kilogram of a solid
Use kinetic theory to explain why.
Enter your answer

Explanation:

(a) there are strong forces (of attraction) between the particles in a solid

accept molecules / atoms for particles throughout

accept bonds for forces

1

(holding) the particles close together

particles in a solid are less spread out is insufficient

1

or

(holding) the particles in a fixed pattern / positions

but in a gas the forces between the particles are negligible

accept very small / zero for negligible

accept bonds for forces

1

so the particles spread out (to fill their container)

accept particles are not close together

gas particles are not in a fixed position is insufficient

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.