A beaker contains dissolved NH4Cl, and another beaker contains dissolved Pb(NO3)2. When the two solutions are mixed together, a precipitate forms. What are the spectator ions

Explanation:

The reaction of precipitation between NH₄Cl and Pb(NO₃)₂ is the following:

2NH₄Cl(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂ → NH₄NO₃(aq) + PbCl₂(s)

The formed precipitate is PbCl₂ because it is an insoluble salt. The following ionic equation shows the spectator ions:

2NH₄⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) → 2NH₄⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + PbCl₂(s)

The precipitate (PbCl₂) is formed by the Pb²⁺ ion and the Cl⁻ ion. Thus, the spectator ions are those which do not form the precipitate. In this case, they are: NH₄⁺ (ammonium ion) and NO₃⁻ (nitrate ion).

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