A concept map for four types of intermolecular forces and a certain type of bond is shown. No

Yes

Are ions

present?

No

No

Are molecules

with permanent

dipoles present?

Are polar

molecules

present?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Is H atom

bonded to F, O, or

Natom?

No

A

С

D

E

Compare the relative strength of the two forces A and B. Explain how you determined this comparison by identifying the forces.

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

Solution:

From the concept map given:

A = Londen forces or dispersion forces:

Dispersion Forces: Type of intermolecular forces between non-polar molecules having no dipole moment

For example: CO2 -- CO2 bonding

B =  Dipole - Dipole intermolecular forces: Type of intermolecular forces between molecules having permanent dipole moment.

For example: HCL --- HCL bonding.

C = Hydrogen Bonding: Type of intermolecular forces exist between H of one molecule with electronegative (F/O/N) of other molecule.

For example: H20 -- H20 bonding

D = Ion - Dipole intermolecular forces: Type of intermolecular forces exists between ions and molecules having dipoles.

For Example: NaCl

Comparison between C and D:

Ion-Dipole forces are stronger than H-bonding because the charge of any ion is greater than the partial charge of polar molecules. That is why ions bind better to polar molecules than polar - polar molecules.

plasma is the state of matter where the substance is ionized and has no definite shape or volume. the fact of being ionized makes the substance a good electrical conductor.

a 20-cm-long, cylindrical graphite (pure carbon) rod is inserted into an oxidizing atmosphere at 1145 k and 1.013 x 105 pa pressure. the oxidizing process is limited by the diffu- sion of oxygen counterflow to the carbon monoxide that is formed on the cylindrical surface.