Palladium acts as a catalyst for the synthesis of carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen. Which equation below represents this reaction?

Explanation:

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In this case, since the catalytic reactions involve the presence of a catalyst that decrease the activation energy of the undergoing chemical reaction, when we need to include it in the chemical equation, we usually put on or underneath the reaction arrow, just as shown below:

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the formula mass of a molecule or a compound is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in its empirical formula

(that's what i know about formula mass)

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.