A group of students is making paper airplanes. They think that the kind of paper and the design of the airplane may affect how far each paper airplane flies. The students first test if the kind of paper affects how far the airplane flies. They make several airplanes out of different kinds of paper, using the same design. Why is it important that all the airplanes have the same design? (SC.6.N.1.1) By using the same design, the students can learn about both the effect of the design and the effect of the paper.

By using the same design, the students can learn about the effect of the design.

If they do not use the same design, the students cannot learn about the effect of the paper.

It is NOT important for the airplanes to have the same design because the students are not testing the effect of the design.

convalent bond :

is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron between 2 atoms.

it is the direct chemical bond between 2 atoms.

in bond formation atoms are involved here.

electrovalent bond:

is a chemical bond defined as electroststic attraction between 2 atoms.

it is the electrostatic attraction between 2 atoms.

in bond formation, ions are involved here.

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the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.